CYBER LAW AND COMPUTER ETHICSS

Cyber law

The term “cyberspace” was used in 1984 by author William Gibson in his scientific novel ‘Necromancer’ to describe virtual world of computer such as the internet, computers, computer network, telecommunication etc. today, cyberspace has become synonymous with the internet, however, cyberspace is know as the www (world wide web). The cyberspace is governed by a system of law and regulation called cyber law. So, the cyber law is defined as: “The law which governs the legal issued in the cyberspace regarding the internet or www (world wide web) for digital data processing and transaction.

Legal recognition of e-commerce practices has come a long way from the initial adoption of the united Nations commission on international Trade law (UNCIRAL) Model law on Electronic commerce by the General Assembly of the united Nations in early 1997.

Cyber law includes a wide variety of legal issues related to the use of communication technology, such as the use of internet as well as any other from of computer, digital processing and related devices. The major components included in the cyber law are:

1. Electronic and Digital signature law
2. Computer crime/cyber crime law
3. Intellectual property law
4. Data protection and privacy law
5. Telecommunication law

Restore your computer

If you are experiencing problems with your computer, you can use the system Restore Feature to return your computer to a time before the problems occurred. For example, if your computer dose not works properly after you install a program, you can restore your computer to a time before you installed the program.
To restore your computer
To restore your computer, follow the procedures mentioned below:
1. Click start to display the start menu.
2. Click programs to view a list of the programs on your computer.
3. Follow Accessories> System tools> system Restore. the system Restore wizard appears as shown in figure below.
4. The area displayed in above dialog box provides information about the system restore feature. Click" Restore my computer to an earlier time" option to restore your computer to a time before any problems occur.
5. Click Next to continue which will depict you following dialog box.
6. Now follow the rest of the instructions as you go through subsequent dialog boxes.

Magnifier overview

Magnifier is a display utility that makes the screen more readable for users who have impaired vision. Magnifier creates a separate window that displays a magnified portion of your screen. You can also change the color scheme of the magnification window for easier visibility. You can move or resize the Magnifier windows, or drag it to the edge of the screen and lock it into place. Magnifier is intended to provide a minimum level of functionality for users with slight visual impairments.
Starting Magnifier
· To open / Magnifier/, click/ Start/, point to/ Programs/, point to / accessories /> /Accessibility/, and then click/ Magnifier/.
· You can use the /Run/ dialog box of the start menu to open Magnifier, type /Magnify/, and then press/Enter/.
Notes: An easy and fast way to use /Narrator/ and/ or /Magnifier/ is to press the Windows logo key// +/U/. the Narrator is set to start by default when Utility Manager starts. However, the Narrator may not start if your computer dose not has text- speech program capability.
On - Screen Keyboard
on- Screen Keyboard is a utility that displays a virtual Keyboard on the screen and allows users with mobility impairments to type data using a pointing device or joystick. on -Screen keyboard is intended to provide a minimum level of functionality for users with mobility impairments.
To start on- screen Keyboard, follow/Start/ >/ programs/>/Accessories/>/ Accessibility/>/ on Screen Keyboard/.and, it displays on- Screen Keyboard on your computer screen.
To add a new fonts to your computer
To add a new fonts to your computer, do the following:
1. Open fonts in control panel.
2. on the file menu of Fonts dialog box, click net all New font.
3. in Drives, click the drive where the backup font files are stored.
4. in Folders, double- click the folder that contains the fonts you want to add.
5. In list of fonts, click the font you really want to add.
a. To add all of the listed fonts, click Select All button.
b. to select the sequential Fonts, click a font and press and hold the Shift key while a clicking another font.
c. To select non- sequential fonts use the ctrl key while selecting.
6. Finally click Ok button to start installation.

Narrator overview

Narrator is a text -to speech utility for users who are blind or have impaired vision. Narrator reads what is displayed on your screen: the contents of the active window, menu options, or the text you have typed., WordPad, control panel programs, Internet Explorer, the Windows desktop, and Wind owes steup.Narrater may not read words aloud correctly in other programs. Narrator has a number of options that allow you to customize the way screen elements are read.
· You can have new windows, menus, or shortcut menus read aloud when they are displayed.
· You can have typed characters read aloud.
· You can have the mouse pointer follow the active item on the screen.
· You can adjust the speed, volume, or pitch of the voice.
The accessibility tools that ship with Windows are intoned to provide a minimum level of Functionality for users with special needs. Most users with disabilities will need utility programs with more advanced functionality for daily use open Narrator.
Starting Narrator
· To open Narrator, click / Start/, point to/ All Programs/ or / Programs/, point to/ accessories/ >/ Accessibility/, and then click / Narrator /.
· To open Narrator you can use the /Run/ dialog box of the start menu, type/ narrator/, and then press/ ENTER/.
a- Select the check boxes you need to apply .
b- click on the/ voice/ button to chose different options such as voice speed, voice, pitch etc.
c- click/ Exit/ to stop and exit from the Narrator.
Note: /Narrator/ is not available for all languages and is only Supported on the English version of Windows XP.

Choose a power scheme

A power scheme is predefined collection of power options. Choose a power scheme to apply setting that fit the way you use your computer, or use one as a starting point for creating your own personalized power scheme.
To choose a power scheme
1. Open / power option/ in / control panel/. (/Star/>/contra panel/, and the than double- click /power options/)
2. Under / power schemes/, select the power scheme you want. The power setting you see will change depending on the power scheme you choose. Power options may very widely from computer to computer.
Standby it state in which your monitor and hard disks turn off, so that your computer uses less power. When you want to use the computer again, it comes out of standby quickly, and your desktop is restored exactly as you left it. Use standby to save power when you will be away from computer for a short time while working. Because Standby does not save your desktop agate to disk, a power failure while on standby can cause you to lose unsaved information.
Hibernate When you put your computer into hibernation, everything in computer memory is saved on your hard disk, and your computer is switched off. When you turn the computer back on, all programs and documents that were previously opened get automatically opened.
Keyboard
The keyboard is the input device of the computer system. it is used the send the typing.
To adjust the key repeat rate
1. open /Keyboard/ in /control panel/.
2. On the/ spend/ tab, make changes as follows:
a. to adjust the amount of time that elapses before characters repeat when you hold down a key. Drag the/ Repeat delay/ slider.
b. To adjust how quick characters repeat when you hold down a key, drag the /Repeat.

Desktop them overview

Desktop them overview
A desktop theme is a Predefined set of icon, Fonts, Colors, sounds, and other window elements that give your Desktop a unified and Distinctive look. You can switch themes, create your own them by changing a theme and then saving it with a new name, or restore the traditional Wind wows classic look as your themes.
If you modify any element of a , such ass your desktop background or screen saver, it is recommended that you save your change with a new themes name. if you modify your desktop and didn’t save your changes with a new name , your changes will be lost if you select a different them.
Use Display in control panel to select or save a them. the desktop items that are saved with a them are listed below:
· Desktop Background, Position , and cooler
· Desktop icons and sizes
· screen sever
· Appearance, Color schemes
· Windows and button and font size
· Mouse pointers Shame or individual pointers,
· Sound scheme and program event
To select a different theme
1. Open / display in/ Control panel/.
2. on the /theme / tab, under/theme/class a new them.
3. click on /apply/>Ok/.
Notes : themes affect the overall look of your desktop, including the background, screen saver, icons Windows mouse pointer and sound. if more then one person user computer, each with his or own user account, each person can choose a different theme.

Showing or hiding the desktop icons

Showing or hiding the desktop icons
You can hide or show the default icons of the desktop such as/ My computer/,/My Document/,/ My Network places/etc . using the "Display Properties" dialog box. Follow the following steps:
1. click on the empty area of the desktop and Select/ Properties/
2. In the/ Display prophetesses/dialog box, choose the /Desktop /tab.
3. Click on the /Customize Desktop/.It displays Desktop Items Dialog Box as box as below.
4. Deselect a check box in/ Desktop Icons /to hider or select a deselected icon to display.
5. click on /OK/>/Ok/
Note: To hide all the icons of the Desktop, right click on the empty area of the Desktop>/arrange icons/>/Show desktop icon/
Changing the icons of the Desktop
The default icon of the desktop, i.e/My computer/,/ My Document /,/ My network place /, / Recycle Bin/ can be changed as with an /.icon/icon file.
1. Click on the empty area of the Desktop and select/ properties/
2. in the/ Display Properties/ dialog box, choose the/Desktop/ tab.
3. click on the /Customize Desktop/
4. Select an icon, for instance,/My Computer/ in the list box and click on the/ change icon/ button.
5. In the / change icon / dialog box, select an icon or use the / Browse/ button for other icons.
6. click on /OK/>/OK/.